Effect of not breastfeeding on the risk of diarrheal and respiratory mortality in children under 2 years of age in Metro Cebu, Philippines.
Author: Yoon, P.W. et al.
Year: 1996
Resource type: Research
Yoon PW, Black RE, Moulton LH, Becker S. Am J Epidemiol 1996. 143(11):1142-1148
The effects of not breastfeeding on mortality due to diarrhea and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children under 2 years of age were examined using data from a 1988-1991 longitudinal study of 9,942 children in Metro Cebu, The Philippines. Cox regression methods were used to study the magnitude of the risks, possible interactions with birth weight and nutritional status, and the effect of additional confounding factors. Not breastfeeding had a greater effect on diarrheal mortality than on ALRI mortality. In the first 6 months of life, failing to initiate breastfeeding or ceasing to breastfeed resulted in an 8- to 10-fold increase in the rate of diarrheal mortality. The rate of mortality associated with both ALRI and diarrhea was increased nearly six times by not breastfeeding, but the rate of ALRI mortality alone was not increased. The data also suggested that the risk of mortality associated with not breastfeeding was greater for low birth weight infants and infants whose mothers had little formal education. After age 6 months, the protective effects of breastfeeding dropped dramatically. These findings underscore the importance of promoting breastfeeding, especially during the first 6 months of life, and of targeting high risk groups such as low birth weight babies and those of low socioeconomic status.
Download
yoon-effect-of-not-bfdg-cebu-1996.pdf (PDF, 676kb)
More like this
Resource: Infant feeding and risk of severe diarhoea in Basrah City, Iraq - A case-control study
Mahmood DA, Feachem RG, Huttly SRA. Infant feeding and risk of severe diarrhoea in Basrah City, Iraq: A case-control study. Bull WHO 1989;67(6):701-6. Country: Iraq, Setting:...
FEX: Infant Feeding Patterns and Risk of Death
Summary of published paper1 Current WHO guidelines recommend that HIV positive mothers should avoid breastfeeding only if replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible,...
en-net: Feeding of children after diarrheal epidemic
Dear network members, Greetings from Nepal. Now, we have encountered with an epidemic of diarrhea in some of the districts of Nepal. Health, water, sanitation and hygiene as...
Resource: Anthropometry at birth and at age of routine vaccination to predict mortality in the first year of life: A birth cohort study in Burkina Faso
Abstract Background The World Health Organization currently defines severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in infants aged under 6 months of age using weight-for-length Z score...
FEX: Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect
Summary of research1 Location: Global What we know: The decision not to breastfeed a child impacts on the health, nutrition and development of a child and on women's...
FEX: Summary of Lancet Series on Maternal and Child Undernutrition
Below are short summaries of the recently launched Lancet series of papers on Maternal and Child Undernutrition1. This high profile series focuses on the disease burden...
Resource: Feeding Interventions for Infants with Growth Failure in the First Six Months of Life: A Systematic Review
Abstract (1) Introduction: Current evidence on managing infants under six months with growth failure or other nutrition-related risk is sparse and low quality. This review...
FEX: Effects of breastfeeding: Implications for Policies on HIV and Infant Feeding
Summary of published paper The recognition that HIV is transmitted through breast-milk has raised important questions about strategies that promote breastfeeding in areas of...
FEX: Diluted F100 v infant formula in treatment of severely malnourished infants < 6 months
By Caroline Wilkinson and Sheila Isanaka Caroline Wilkinson was Nutrition Advisor with Action Contre la Faim - France (ACF-F), until November 2008. She spent most of 2007 in...
FEX: Diagnostic criteria for severe acute malnutrition among infants under six months of age
Summary of research1 Location: Kenya What we know: Diagnosis of acute malnutrition in infants under six months old (U6M) is currently based on weight-for-length z score...
FEX: Association of early interventions with birth outcome and child linear growth in low-income and middle-income countries
View this article as a pdf Research snapshot1 The first 1,000 days of life represent a critical window for child development. Pregnancy and the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)...
FEX: Infant feeding strategies and PMTCT - Mashi trial from Botswana
Summary of published research1 Arecently published paper compares the efficacy and safety of two infant feeding strategies for the prevention of postnatal mother-to-child HIV...
FEX: Concerns that The Lancet double-burden series may undermine moderate wasting treatment
View this article as a pdf By Mark Manary, Donna Wegner, D Taylor Hendrixson, Rebecca Roediger, Meghan Callaghan Mark Manary is one of the world's foremost experts in...
FEX: Early initiation of breastfeeding reduces neonatal mortality
Summary of published research1 A recently published study assessed the contribution of the timing of initiation of breastfeeding to neonatal death. The study also set out to...
FEX: Birthweight and feeding practices are associated with child growth outcomes in South Asia
View this article as a pdf Research snapshot1 Child wasting has received much less policy attention in South Asia than stunting, despite the region being home to over half...
FEX: Effects of nutrition interventions during pregnancy on low birth weight
Summary of research1 Location: Global What we know: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major underlying cause of infant mortality and childhood morbidity; LBW is greatly affected by...
FEX: Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement Research Network Meeting
By Sarah Style Sarah Style is part of the ENN team working with UNHCR on the Anaemia Control, Prevention and Reduction Project In April 2011, the International Lipid-Based...
FEX: Infant feeding and HIV transmission
Summary of Published paper The observation that mother-to-child transmission by HIV-1 infected women can occur through breastfeeding has resulted in policies that recommend...
FEX: Methods to detect cases of severely malnourished infants under six months
Summary of research1 Location: Global What we know: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends weight-for-length z score (WLZ) as an anthropometric indicator to identify...
Resource: Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Breastfeeding is one of the few interventions where the survival benefits span the entire continuum of childhood: newborn, infancy and...
Reference this page
Yoon, P.W. et al. (1996). Effect of not breastfeeding on the risk of diarrheal and respiratory mortality in children under 2 years of age in Metro Cebu, Philippines.. www.ennonline.net/effectbresatfeedingmortalityphilippines
(ENN_492)